1909 Leather CICERO Orations with 64 Maps & Illustrations ANCIENT ROME Latin

Description: Six OrationsofCicero (Allen And Greenough's Edition)Revised By J. B. Greenough and G. L. Kittredge With A Special VocabularyBy J. B. Greenough Published By Ginn And CompanyBoston, New York, Chicago, London1909The title-page is undated. Last copyright date stated is 1909. Hardcover.Quarter leather binding.Cloth over boards with leather spine.5" x 7.5"269 Pages plus 226 Pages Latin Vocabulary. 495 pages in total ( plus a few additional pages; see below ) About 115 years old. Orations by Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 B.C.-43 B.C.) Latin language, with extensive 226 page Vocabulary, defining the meaning of thousands of Latin words. Embellished with 64 Illustrations and Maps. Includes a 50 page Introduction ( in English ), giving a Life of Cicero , a Chronology , Introduction on Roman Oratory , The Roman Constitution , etc. Includes 100 pages of Notes on the Orations. ------ Cicero was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. He was member of a wealthy family of the equestrian order, and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.Cicero is generally perceived to be one of the most versatile minds of ancient Rome. He introduced the Romans to the chief schools of Greek philosophy and created a Latin philosophical vocabulary, distinguishing himself as a linguist, translator, and philosopher. An impressive orator and successful lawyer, Cicero probably thought his political career was his most important achievement. Today, he is appreciated primarily for his humanism and philosophical and political writings. During the chaotic latter half of the first century B.C. marked by civil wars and the dictatorship of Gaius Julius Caesar , Cicero championed a return to the traditional republican government. ( see biographical information below ) ------- Condition.General wear to the binding, and a little loss of spine leather.The spine leather is fairly fragile; some splits in the leather have been closed with a little Bookbinder's glue. ( see the photos )The hinges are tight.Old ink ownership inscription on the front endpaper :" Rutherford H. Moore , Colby Academy , New London , '12 " (1912)A long-ago owner of this book added several pages from a different Latin book, which were pasted onto the blank endpaper and also tipped-in at the rear of the book.There are also hand-written notes on the text, in the page margins and on the endpapers.A long-ago owner also added a Thumb-Index to the Latin Vocabulary at the rear of the book ( this is a hand-made Thumb-Index, cut and lettered by hand - see the photos ).Some page edge-wear, some aging of the paper ( see the photos ).The pages are otherwise good.The map plates are in good condition. About 115 years old. Carefully packed for shipment to the buyer. ---------- Biographical Information: Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 B.C.-43 B.C.) Cicero was born in 106 B.C., six years before the birth of Julius Caesar , into a wealthy family, though none of his family served as senators. He received the Roman equivalent of an Ivy League education, studying rhetoric and philosophy in Rome Athens and Rhodes .After making a name as a lawyer in the Roman lawcourts, he was elected to the office of quaestor in 76, which made him a member of the Senate, and in 63 he was elected consul, at the lowest legal age and as the first man for thirty years to gain that position from a family which had not previously held the office. During his year as consul he put down the conspiracy of Catiline, for which he was awarded the title of "Father of his Country." Cicero, however, as a champion of the traditional institutions of the Roman republic and the enemy of autocracy, was no match for the power politics of Julius Caesar and Pompey, and was never afterwards a major influence in public affairs when they erupted onto the scene. Cicero rejoiced at the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 B.C. and returned to political life with vigorous public attacks on Mark Antony, but his association with the young Octavian (later the Emperor Augustus) did not save him from Antony's revenge and he was killed in the wave of assassinations which began the triumvirate regime of Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus (43 B.C.) During the later years of his life, when he could no longer take much part in politics, Cicero devoted his time to writing a number of philosophical works. He intended to make the moral ideas of the Greek philosophers available to Roman public figures who were faced constantly with important decisions but not terribly studious in temperament; these philosophical works were immensely significant in the intellectual life of Europe until very recent times and were an essential part of the education of 18th century Americans - such as just about all the writers of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. Perhaps the most important philosophical idea for Cicero was the notion of duties. The word is a slightly misleading translation; the Latin word (officia) in its narrow sense means "reciprocal personal relationships," but for Cicero means something like "what we owe to others based on our specific relationship to them." Cicero's most lasting work in the European tradition is "The Dream of Scipio," a short interlude in a longer (now lost) work on the duties various members of a republic owe to one another, De Re Publica (On Public Affairs: this is the word from which "republic" derives), which is Cicero's Stoic version of Plato 's Republic. In it, Scipio Africanus, the hero of the Second Punic War , appears to his descendent, also called Scipio, and shows him the harmonies of the universe and the place just actions and just humans occupy in this universe.

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