Cancer on Trial: Oncology as a New Style of Practice by Peter Keating (English)

Description: Cancer on Trial by Peter Keating, Alberto Cambrosio Until the early 1960s, cancer treatment consisted of surgery and radiation therapy. Most practitioners then viewed the treatment of terminally ill cancer patients with heroic courses of chemotherapy as highly questionable. This title explores how practitioners established a style of practice, at the center of which lies the clinical cancer trial. FORMAT Hardcover LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New Publisher Description Until the early 1960s, cancer treatment consisted primarily of surgery and radiation therapy. Most practitioners then viewed the treatment of terminally ill cancer patients with heroic courses of chemotherapy as highly questionable. The randomized clinical trials that today sustain modern oncology were relatively rare and prompted stiff opposition from physicians, who were loath to assign patients randomly to competing treatments. Yet today these trials form the basis of medical oncology. How did such a spectacular change occur? How did medical oncology pivot from a nonentity and, in some regards, a reviled practice to the central position it now occupies in modern medicine? In Cancer on Trial Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio explore how practitioners established a new style of practice, at the center of which lies the cancer clinical trial. Far from mere testing devices, these trials have become full-fledged experiments that have redefined the practices of clinicians, statisticians, and biologists. Keating and Cambrosio investigate these trials and how they have changed since the 1960s, all the while demonstrating their significant impact on the progression of oncology. A novel look at the institution of clinical cancer research and therapy, this book will be warmly welcomed by historians, sociologists, and anthropologists of science and medicine, as well as clinicians and researchers in the cancer field. Author Biography Peter Keating is professor of history at the Universite du Quebec a Montreal. Alberto Cambrosio is professor in the Department of Social Studies of Medicine at McGill University. Together, they are the authors of Exquisite Specificity: The Monoclonal Antibody Revolution and Biomedical Platforms: Realigning the Normal and the Pathological in Late Twentieth-Century Medicine. Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction CHAPTER 1. From "Nonentity" to Global Network: The Rise of a New Style of Biomedical Practice An Early Career in Clinical Oncology About This Book A Capsule History of Cancer Clinical Trials Cancer Clinical Trials as a New Style of Practice The Protocol Conclusion PRELUDE. Before There Were Trials Cancer Hospitals and Cancer Institutes Diagnosing Cancer Treating Cancer Prognosticating Cancer Testing Therapies Conclusion PART 1. The Emergence of Clinical Cancer Research (1955-66) CHAPTER 2. A Landmark Clinical Trial Curing Leukemia: The VAMP Trial A Collective Undertaking The Elements of Innovation What about the Patients? CHAPTER 3. The Collective Turn: Cooperative Groups as Epistemic Organizations Assembling the US Cooperative System Screening for Drugs: From Mice to Humans Tinkering with the Cooperative Group Structure Meanwhile in Europe . . . Conclusion FIRST INTERLUDE. Clinical Trial Statistics What Is a Random Sample? What Is Statistical Significance? CHAPTER 4. Statisticians, Statistics, and Early Cooperative Clinical Trials Statisticians at the NIH Statisticians in Paris Fabricating the Tools of the Trade Controversial Methods The Emergence of the Phase System Conclusion CHAPTER 5. Criticism and the Redefinition of Clinical Cancer Trials as an Autonomous Form of Research Clinical Cancer Research under Fire The Reorganization of Screening and Clinical Trials in the United States Surgery and Radiotherapy in the Cooperative Groups PART 2. An Avalanche of Numbers from the New Style of Practice (1965-89) CHAPTER 6. A Web of Trials Breast Cancer and Its Trials The Lessons of the Breast Cancer Trials The Emergence of Combination Chemotherapy The Multiple Meanings of Breast Cancer Trials Conclusion CHAPTER 7. Statisticians, Data Centers, and the Organization of Large-Scale Clinical Trials Centers of Calculation: US Statisticians and the Data Center The Mechanics of Data Production Meanwhile in Europe, Take Two Back in the USA: Group Statisticians and NCI Statisticians Insiders Dissent: The Randomization Debate CHAPTER 8. A Relational Space of Substances and Regimens The Clinical Evaluation of Substances Screening Substances: The Animal Screen Procuring Compounds CHAPTER 9. Oncopolitics? Reshaping Collaborative Research Centralization or Coordination? The European Debate Clinical Trials as Clinical Research: The US Debate Oncology in the Community PART 3. Targeted Therapy, Targeted Trials (1990-2006) SECOND INTERLUDE. Molecular Biology and Oncogenes Introduction The Rise of Molecular Biology Cancer and Molecular Biology: 1960-80 The Clinical Isolation of Human Oncogenes Oncogenes and Oncoproteins since 1982 CHAPTER 10. Magic Bullets? The Gleevec Trials Molecular Biology and Targeted Substances The Trials of a Targeted Therapy Where Did Gleevec Come From? Monitoring Data, Managing Risks A Medical Oncologist and His Patients Patients and Activists Conclusion CHAPTER 11. Targeted Therapy and Clinical Cancer Research Introduction: Molecular Biology and Translational Research Molecular Biology and the US Cooperative Groups The Reorganization of the Drug Discovery Process and the Transformation of the NCI Screen Clinical Trials in a Targeted Age More Oncopolitics Conclusion Conclusion CHAPTER 12. Looking Back and Looking Forward The Observational Alternative to Clinical Cancer Trials Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Trials Coda References Index Review "This remarkable book charts the emergence of a clinical field - medical oncology - for which experimental protocols have become routinized as a form of normal practice. Cancer on Trial will make a lasting contribution to the sociology of scientific knowledge, the history of clinical practice, and the understanding of the networked basis of biomedical research." (Jeremy A. Greene, Harvard University)" Review Quote "Todays cancer patient inhabits a bewildering chemo-world of trials and protocols, risks and probabilities, toxic chemicals and noxious side effects. What brought this new world into being? With a powerful grasp of historical and technical detail, Keating and Cambrosio tell the important story of the rise of the organizational forms of modern oncopolitics, and they deftly capture the unique character of a new style of scientific practice."-Steven Epstein, Northwestern University Details ISBN0226428915 Author Alberto Cambrosio Short Title CANCER ON TRIAL Language English ISBN-10 0226428915 ISBN-13 9780226428918 Media Book Format Hardcover Year 2012 Imprint University of Chicago Press Subtitle Oncology as a New Style of Practice Place of Publication Chicago, IL Country of Publication United States Illustrations 24 halftones, 28 line drawings Residence US Birth 1953 Publication Date 2012-02-01 AU Release Date 2012-02-01 NZ Release Date 2012-02-01 US Release Date 2012-02-01 UK Release Date 2012-02-01 Pages 424 Publisher The University of Chicago Press DEWEY 616.9940072 Audience Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly We've got this At The Nile, if you're looking for it, we've got it. 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