JBC, Poland, king Jagiello, Lithuania, Teutonic Order, Jogaila, Jarnuszkiewicz

Description: This medal is a part of my Polish medals collection Visit my page with the offers, please.You will find many interesting items related to this subject. If you are interested in other medals, related to this subject, click here, please.Poland; Rulers Medieval Motives Historic Battles Poland; History The Kings and Royals and the cities The artist;Jarnuszkiewicz, Jerzy - (b Kalisz, 1919 - 2005). Polish sculptor. He studied at the School of Decorative Art and Industrial Crafts, Kraków (1936–8), the Municipal School of Decorative Arts and Painting, Warsaw (1938–9), and the Academy of Fine Arts, Warsaw (1946–50), with Tadeusz Breyer (1884–1952) and Franciszek Strynkiewicz (b 1893). From 1950 to 1985 Jarnuszkiewicz taught sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts, Warsaw. av. The Polish king Jagiello, inscription rv. The coat of arms of the city of Krasnystaw diameter - 70 mm (2 ¾ “)weight – 122.60 gr, (4.32 0z)metal – bronze, nice patina King Wladislaw II Jagiello, (1351-1434) Władysław II Jagiełło (or Jogaila; Lithuanian: Jogaila Algirdaitis; Belarusian: Jahajla (Ягайла); Ukrainian: Volodislav Jahajlo (Володислав Ягайло); 1351? – June 1, 1434, Gródek Jagielloński) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1377, and became King of Poland in 1386 after converting to Christianity and changing his name from Jogaila to Władysław Jagiełło, and marrying Jadwiga, the second of Poland's Angevin rulers.The Jagiellon era is commonly characterized as the beginning of Poland's "Golden Age", and saw the country become a major European power and extend her frontiers to the north and east.The Jagiellon era is commonly characterized as the beginning of Poland's "Golden Age", and saw the country become a major European power and extend her frontiers to the north and east.Royal title· Royal title in Latin: Wladislaus Dei gracia rex Polonie necnon terrarum Cracovie, Sandomirie, Syradia, Lancicie, Cuiavie, Lithuanie princeps supremus, Pomoranie Russieque dominus et heres etc. · English translation: Vladislaus by God's grace king of Poland, and lands of Kraków, Sandomierz, Sieradz, Łęczyca, Kuyavia, supreme-prince of Lithuania, lord and heir of Pomerania and Ruthenia, etc. · Polish translation: Władysław, z Bożej łaski król Polski, ziemi krakowskiej, sandomierskiej, sieradzkiej, łęczyckiej, kujawskiej, Nadrzędny Książe Litewski, pan i dziedzic Pomorza i Rutenii, etc · Lithuanian translation: Vladislovas, Dievo valia karalius Lenkijos ir žemių Krokuvos, Sandomiro, Sieradžo, Lenčycos, Kujavijos, Lietuvos didysis kunigaikštis, Pomeranijos ir Rusios valdovas ir paveldėtojas, etc.. Please note that Wladislaus' title was 'supreme duke/prince of Lithuania' while as the same time the traditional title of 'high duke/prince of Lithuania' was reserved for his cousin Vytautas.BiographyJogaila was from the Gediminid dynasty of dukes and grand dukes of Lithuania. He was born in Vilnius, Lithuania to Algirdas (or Olgierd, ruled 1345-1377), Grand Prince of Lithuania and Uliana of Tver. His paternal grandparents were Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania and Jewna.With the Union of Krewo in 1385, Jogaila married Queen Jadwiga of Poland (who was then only 11 years old) and established the Jagiellonian dynasty, which would rule in Poland and Lithuania until 1572. At the same time, Jogaila accepted Roman Catholicism, as did some other Lithuanian nobles. Thus he became King Władysław II Jagiełło (Wladislaus II) of Poland, and reigned 49 years. After the death of Jadwiga and their newborn daughter in 1399, Władysław II Jagiełło continued to rule, for yet 35 years. Many regarded that he had lost his entitlement to the crown with the death of Jadwiga. However, there were no obvious heirs of ancient Polish monarchs - all potential competitors, of which there existed a vast number, were distant relatives, and although Jogaila faced from time to time difficulties, he remained king more or less by default. He tried to strengthen his position and rights by next marrying Anna of Cilli, granddaughter of Casimir III of Poland (d. 1370), whose mother Anna, Countess of Cilli (died 1425), daughter of king Casimir, tried to obtain influence. Anna of Cilli also died childless in 1416. Władysław II Jagiełło did not yet have any heirs. His next marriages were with ladies from Polish and Lithuanian dominions, apparently having nothing to do with ancestors among Polish monarchs.Jogaila's conversion marked the establishment of Catholic Christianity as the official religion of Lithuania following a brief period of Catholic kingship in the 1250s. Though pagan beliefs continued in the country for some time, the Lithuanian nobility gave its support to the new order upon being promised (in 1401) a voice in the election of the future Polish-Lithuanian rulers.In military terms, his reign is noted for the crushing defeat inflicted on the Teutonic Knights in neighbouring Prussia by Polish and Lithuanian forces under his supreme command at the Battle of Grunwald (1410).Jogaila was the first of the dynasty of Lithuanian princes who were also kings of Poland (1386-1572). He was succeeded by his son Wladislaus III, and after his death at the battle of Varna by second son Casimir IV. Previously rulers from this dynasty, called Gediminaičiai, were grand princes of Lithuania, and after the Krewo Union, Jogaila adopted both titles (Supreme duke of Lithuania and King of Poland). Later, however, up until the Union of Lublin, the title of Grand duke of Lithuania was sometimes under dispute and not always belonged to the King of Poland. However, both titles, if separate, were used to be held by members of same Gediminaičiai dynasty who were related to each other in close family ties. With the coronation of Jagiello in 1386, who, on baptism, took the Christian name of Wladyslav, all of his domains in Lithuania proper, as well as in White and Black Russia, Ukraine, Volhynia and elsewhere, became integral parts, of the Polish state. These extensive lands over which Poland had waged long wars thus became peacefully united with Poland. At about the same time Red Russia was reclaimed from Hungary by force of arms and the Hospodar of Moldavia, seeking protection against Hungary, paid homage to King Jagiello and became his vassal. In 1389 Wallachia recognized Polish, sovereignty, and in 1396 Bessarabia followed the course of her neighbors. In this way Poland reached the lower Danube and Dnieper and the shores of the Black Sea. A strong healthy colonization movement again resettled its natural course into the sparsely settled territories of Ruthenia, Volhynia and the fertile plains between the Dniester and the Dnieper, carrying with it advanced agriculture, industries and prosperity, law, order, language and literature. The Polish influence had not died out in what is now Roumania until the beginning of the past century. A hundred years ago Polish still was the language of the upper classes of that country. Although Jagiellonian dynasty was not hereditary and in theory each king of this dynasty was elected, in reality every time when the father died, his son (or brother) was elected as new king.After the last male member of the Jagiellonian dynasty died out, the kings of Poland were elected by the Polish nobles. Dynastic RelationsWładysław II Jagiełło was married in 1386 to Queen Jadwiga of Poland (1374-1399). Their only child was:· Elzbieta-Bonifacja (born and died 1399) His second wife was Anna of Cilli (1386-1416), married in 1402, a Slovenian noblewoman, and (more importantly) the only child of Anna, a superseded daughter of Casimir III of Poland (d 1370). The mother, Anna Countess of Cilli died 1425 without surviving children. The only child of Jagiello and Anna of Cilli was:· Jadwiga (1408-1431) The third wife was Elisabeth of Pilica (Granowska). No children.The fourth wife was Sophia of Halshany, a noblewoman from Lithuanian nobility. Their children were:· King Wladislaw III of Poland (1424-1444), King of Poland 1434-1444 and Hungary 1440-1444 · King Casimir IV of Poland (1427-1492), Grand Duke of LIthuania 1440-1492, King of Poland 1447-1492 Greatest medieval Battle of Grunewald, 1410, Jagiello The Battle of Grunwald or Battle of Tannenberg took place on July 15, 1410 between the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and their allies on one side, and the Knights of the Teutonic Order on the other. It was the decisive battle of the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) and the greatest battle of medieval Europe.Despite the technological superiority of the Teutonic Knights, to the point of this being believed to be the first battle in this part of Europe in which field-artillery was deployed, the numbers and tactical superiority of the Polish Lithuanian alliance were to prove overwhelming.The Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights was defeated in the battle and never recovered its former influence. The few eyewitness accounts of the battle are contradictory. It took place in the area of several smaller villages, and different names in various languages are attributed to it.In the 13th century, the Teutonic Knights had been invited to the lands surrounding Chełmno to assist in the expulsion of the (pagan) Prussians. They stayed on, and, under a papal edict which gave them effective carte blanche to act as they wished, established a power base in the region, occupying the Baltic coastal regions of what are now Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, and showed every sign of further expansion. Their incursions into Poland in the 14th century gave them control of major towns such as Chełmno (Kulm) and Pomorze (Pommern) region. In order to further their war efforts against the (pagan) Lithuanian state, the Teutonic Knights instituted a series of crusades, enlisting support from other European countries. In Germany the battle was known as the Battle of Tannenberg. In 1914 yet another Battle of Tannenberg took place between Germany and Russia, ending with a Russian defeat. In German propaganda during the WWI / WWII period the 1914 battle was put forth as a revenge for the Polish - Lithuanian victory 504 years earlier, and the battle itself was purposefully named to suit this agenda.

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End Time: 2025-01-04T13:51:04.000Z

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