Medal William Shakespeare Playwright by Maurice Debus 1964 Lady Macbeth

Description: shot20-175Bronze medal, from the Paris Mint (cornucopia hallmark from 1880) .Minted in 1964.Beautiful copy.Engraver : Maurice Debus .Dimension : 69mm.Weight : 185 g.Metal : bronze.Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : cornucopia + bronze.Fast and careful shipping.The support is not for sale.The stand is not for sale.William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet and actor who was baptized on April 26, 1564 and died on April 23, 1616. Nicknamed "the Bard" or the "Bard of Avon"1, or the "Immortal Bard", he is often considered the greatest writer in the English language and the greatest playwright of all time. His work, translated into many languages, consists of 39 plays, 154 sonnets and a few additional poems, some of which are not definitely attributed to him.Originally from Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway at the age of 18, with whom he had three children. At an unknown date between 1585 and 1592, he began his career as an actor and successful author in London with the Lord Chamberlain's Men, a troupe in which he was a shareholder. He seems to have retired to Stratford around 1613 and died there three years later. There are barely any traces of the man Shakespeare, which has led to much speculation regarding his physical appearance, his sexuality, and his religion. Fringe theories suggest that his work was actually written by someone else.Shakespeare wrote most of his plays between 1589 and 1613. The first were mainly comedies and historical plays, then he devoted himself more to tragedies such as Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth. At the end of his life, he wrote tragicomedies and collaborated with other playwrights. During his lifetime, many of his plays were published in inexpensive works of varying quality. In 1623, two of his friends published the First Folio, a collection which includes almost all of his theatrical work in definitive form. In his preface, Ben Jonson correctly predicts the timelessness of Shakespeare, whose plays continue to be staged, adapted, rediscovered, and reinterpreted over the centuries in varied cultural and political contexts. William Shakespeare is the son of John Shakespeare (c. 1531-1601) and Mary Arden (c. 1537-1608). His father, originally from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, was a successful glove maker established in Stratford-upon-Avon where he held the office of alderman, while his mother was the daughter of a wealthy landowner from Wilmcote2. Born in Stratford, William Shakespeare was baptized on April 26, 1564. His exact date of birth is unknown. A tradition which has its origins in an error made by the critic George Steevens in the 18th century places it on April 23. This date is taken up by numerous biographers, attracted by the coincidence with St. George's Day, the feast of the patron saint of England, as well as with the day of the playwright's death in 16163,4. William was the third of the Shakespeares' eight children and the eldest surviving son.Most biographers of Shakespeare consider that he probably attended King's New School in Stratford, although no attendance records survive from this time6,7,8. This grammar school was founded by royal charter from Edward VI in 15539 and is located less than 500 meters from John Shakespeare's house. English schools vary in quality, but they share the same curriculum by royal decree10,11. It is mainly based on the intensive study of classical Latin grammar and Latin literature12.The coat of arms granted to Shakespeare's father in 1596, with a spear as a pun on his surname.William Shakespeare was eighteen years old when he married Anne Hathaway, the twenty-six-year-old daughter of a yeoman from Shottery. The consistory of the diocese of Worcester issued a marriage certificate on November 27, 1582, which authorized the celebration of the wedding after only one publication of the banns instead of three. The next day, two of Hathaway's neighbors certified that there was no legal impediment to this union13,14. This precipitation is explained by the condition of Hathaway, who six months later gave birth to a daughter, Susanna (en), baptized on May 26, 158315. Twins, Hamnet and Judith, were born a year and a half later and were baptized on February 2, 1585. Hamnet died at the age of eleven of unknown causes; he was buried in Stratford on August 11, 1596.After the birth of the twins, Shakespeare almost completely disappeared from period documents for seven years, until his reappearance as an established figure in the small world of London theater in 1592. Its only mention in the sources for this period is in documents relating to a trial held at the Queen's Bench at Westminster between late 1588 and late 1589. The playwright's biographers relate numerous apocryphal stories supposed to have taken place during these "lost years" of his life19. The first of these, Nicholas Rowe (1674-1718), reported a Stratford legend according to which Shakespeare fled to London to escape justice after being caught poaching on Thomas Lucy's land. He would have taken his revenge later by composing a slanderous poem against Lucy20. Another legend states that Shakespeare entered the world of theater as a stable hand21. John Aubrey (1626-1697) reports that he would have been a schoolmaster somewhere in the countryside22, an idea taken up again in the 20th century following the discovery of a certain "William Shakeshafte" among the legatees of the will of Alexander Hoghton, a Catholic landowner from Lancashire23,24. None of these legends are based on more than rumors and hypotheses that are not agreed upon; Shakeshafte is a common surname in Lancashire25,26.Actor and playwright in LondonThe reconstruction of the Globe theater in London.When and how Shakespeare's acting and writing career began is unknown. He was sufficiently well known in 1592 to be the target of Robert Greene. In his pamphlet Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit, published posthumously, Greene covertly accuses Shakespeare of being nothing more than a mediocre jack of all trades, who has the hubris to want to compete with Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nashe or himself, established playwrights from Oxford and Cambridge27,28,29. This is the earliest allusion to Shakespeare's theatrical work, which may have begun at any time between the mid-1580s and Greene's attack.30,31,32From 1594, Shakespeare's plays were performed exclusively by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, a company of actors to which he belonged and which quickly became the most popular in London33. After the death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603, her successor James I became the patron of the troupe, which was renamed the King's Men34. Several members of the company joined forces in 1599 to build their own theater in the area. Peter Ackroyd, Shakespeare: The Biography, London, Vintage, 2006 (ISBN 978-0-7493-8655-9).(in) Joseph Quincy Adams, A Life of William Shakespeare, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1923 (OCLC 1935264).(in) TW Baldwin , William Shakspere's Small Latin & Lesse Greek, vol. 1, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1944 (OCLC 359037).(en) Leeds Barroll, Politics, Plague, and Shakespeare's Theater: The Stuart Years, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1991 (ISBN 978-0-8014-2479-3).(in) Jonathan Bate, The Soul of the Age, London, Penguin, 2008 (ISBN 978-0-670-91482-1).(en) James P. Bednarz, “Marlowe and the English literary scene”, in Patrick Gerard Cheney (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Christopher Marlowe, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004 (ISBN 978-0-511-99905- 5).(en) GE Bentley, Shakespeare: A Biographical Handbook, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1961 (ISBN 978-0-313-25042-2).(in) Ralph Berry, Changing Styles in Shakespeare, London, Routledge, 2005 (ISBN 978-0-415-35316-8).(in) Harold Bloom, The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages, New York, Riverhead Books, 1995 (ISBN 978-1-57322-514-4).(in) Harold Bloom, Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human, New York, Riverhead Books, 1999 (ISBN 978-1-57322-751-3).(in) Frederick S. Boas, Shakespeare and His Predecessors, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1896.(in) Fredson Bowers, On Editing Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Dramatists, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1955 (OCLC 2993883).(en) Charles Boyce, Dictionary of Shakespeare, Ware, Wordsworth, 1996 (ISBN 978-1-85326-372-9).(en) MC Bradbrook, “Shakespeare's Recollection of Marlowe”, in Philip Edwards, Inga-Stina Ewbank and GK Hunter (eds.), Shakespeare's Styles: Essays in Honor of Kenneth Muir, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004 (ISBN 978- 0-521-61694-2).(in) AC Bradley, Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, London, Penguin, 1991 (1st ed. 1904) (ISBN 978-0-14-053019-3).(en) Nicholas Brooke, “Language and Speaker in Macbeth”, in Philip Edwards, Inga-Stina Ewbank and GK Hunter (eds.), Shakespeare's Styles: Essays in Honor of Kenneth Muir, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004 (ISBN 978 -0-521-61694-2).(en) John Bryant, “Moby-Dick as Revolution”, in Robert Steven Levine (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998 (ISBN 978-1-139-00037-6).(en) Charles Casey, “Was Shakespeare Gay? Sonnet 20 and the politics of pedagogy”, College Literature, vol. 25, no. 3, 1998 (JSTOR 25112402).(en) EK Chambers, The Elizabethan Stage, vol. 2, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1923 (OCLC 336379).(en) EK Chambers, William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems, vol. 1, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1930a (OCLC 353406).(en) EK Chambers, William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems, vol. 2, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1930b (OCLC 353406).(en) EK Chambers, Shakespearean Gleanings, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1944 (ISBN 978-0-8492-0506-4).(en) Wolfgang Clemen, Shakespeare's Soliloquies, London, Routledge, 1987 (ISBN 978-0-415-35277-2).(en) Wolfgang Clemen, Shakespeare's Dramatic Art: Collected Essays, London, Routledge, 2005a (ISBN 978-0-415-35278-9).(en) Wolfgang Clemen, Shakespeare's Imagery, London, Routledge, 2005b (ISBN 978-0-415-35280-2).(en) Tarnya Cooper, Searching for Shakespeare, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2006 (ISBN 978-0-300-11611-3).(in) David Cressy, Education in Tudor and Stuart England, New York, St Martin's Press, 1975 (ISBN 978-0-7131-5817-5).(en) David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001 (ISBN 978-0-521-40179-1).(en) Mark Dominik, Shakespeare–Middleton Collaborations, Beaverton, Alioth Press, 1988 (ISBN 978-0-945088-01-1).(in) Edward Dowden, Shakespeare, New York, D. Appleton & Company, 1881 (OCLC 8164385).(en) John Drakakis, Alternative Shakespeares, New York, Methuen, 1985 (ISBN 978-0-416-36860-4).(en) Richard Dutton and Jean E. Howard, A Companion to Shakespeare's Works: The Histories, vol. 2, Oxford, Blackwell, 2003 (ISBN 978-0-631-22633-8).(en) Phillip Edwards, Shakespeare's Romances: 1900–1957, vol. 11, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1958 (ISBN 978-1-139-05291-7).(in) TS Eliot, Elizabethan Essays, London, Faber & Faber, 1934 (ISBN 978-0-15-629051-7).(en) G. Blakemore Evans, The Sonnets, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996 (ISBN 978-0-521-22225-9).(in) R. A. Foakes, “Playhouses and players”, in AR Braunmuller and Michael Hattaway (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to English Renaissance Drama, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990 (ISBN 978-0-521-38662-3).(en) Michael D. Friedman, “'I'm not a feminist director but…': Recent Feminist Productions of The Taming of the Shrew”, in Paul Nelsen and June Schlueter (eds.), Acts of Criticism: Performance Matters in Shakespeare and his ContemptIt is difficult to identify a chronologyShakespeare wrote most of his plays between 1589 and 1613. The first were mainly comedies and historical plays, then he devoted himself more to tragedies such as Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth. At the end of his life, he wrote tragicomedies and collaborated with other playwrights. During his lifetime, many of his plays were published in inexpensive works of varying quality. In 1623, two of his friends published the First Folio, a collection which includes almost all of his theatrical work in definitive form. In his preface, Ben Jonson correctly predicts the timelessness of Shakespeare, whose plays continue to be staged, adapted, rediscovered, and reinterpreted over the centuries in varied cultural and political contexts. William Shakespeare is the son of John Shakespeare (c. 1531-1

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