The six generation wireless communication / 6 G

Description: What is 6G ? A wireless communication network using terahertz waves, has latency of microsecond and the peak transmission spend to one terabit per second. Emitted from satellite, through optical transmission to the base station on the earth's surface.The future 6G business will present new development trends such as immersion, intelligence, and globalization. Eight major business applications, ten technical directions of 6G, including full domain coverage, portray a rich and colorful social life scene for us in the future.The 5G network includes Internet of Everything and 6G will add the intelligence to achieve full automation, the optimization in operational airports, seaports, highways, trains, energy production, agriculture, industry, supply chain, healthcare, animal protection and so on.When the productivity represented by new technology appeared, the concept of frictionless economy also appeared correspondingly. Frictionless economy that eliminates all intermediate links and zero intermediate costs, the world will evolve under the influence of emerging technologies, smart contracts, and cryptocurrencies or digital payments will be deeply rooted in the economic environment. Table of content 1. What is 6 G ? ………………………………… 1 2. Technical description of 6G ……………..... 2 3. Satellite, HAPS and Cloud server …….......... 6 4. The 6G Network in Business ……………..… 17 5. Immersive, Sensory, BCI technology …...... 18 6. Technical direction for 6G ……..………….... 44 7. Implementation of 6G technology ….......... 50 8. Frictionless economy ………………………. 67 The first 10 pages of the book, excluding pictures. What is 6th generation wireless communication?6G, the sixth-generation mobile communication standard, is a conceptual wireless network mobile communication technology, also known as the sixth-generation mobile communication technology. The main promotion is the development of the Internet.The 6G network will be a fully connected world where terrestrial wireless and satellite communications are integrated. By integrating satellite communications into 6G mobile communications, seamless global coverage is achieved, and network signals can reach any remote village, allowing patients in the deep mountainous areas to receive telemedicine and children to receive remote education. In addition, with the joint support of global satellite positioning system, telecommunication satellite system, earth image satellite system and 6G ground network, the ground-to-air full coverage network can also help mankind predict the weather and quickly respond to natural disasters. This is the future of 6G, which communication technology is no longer a simple breakthrough in network capacity and transmission rate. It is more about narrowing the digital divide and realizing the ultimate goal of the Internet of Everything. 6G is based on the terahertz wave band, to support one microsecond-latency communication and optical transmission system. Terahertz wavesIn 2019, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opened the gates to a potential 6G future by allowing companies to begin experimenting with what’s being called terahertz waves or submillimeter waves. These are radio bands that fall in the spectrum of 95GHz to 3THz (terahertz). Terahertz is equal to one trillion hertz. In comparison with microwaves, terahertz waves can be seen and contrasted more clearly; with visible light, it can penetrate all clothes in the body; with infrared light, it can distinguish odor, good and bad, and explosive substances. It is safe and does not damage the biological tissue of the commodity. Terahertz waves can travel through paper, plastic, ceramics and textiles. It is useful for communication, medical diagnostics, safety and security, astronomy, industrial inspections, radar detection, object imaging, and compressed remote sensing.Latency - communication delay of 0.1 millisecond, ultra-high reliability, the probability of interruption is less than one in a million; ultra-high density, the density of connected devices reaches more than 100 per cubic meter.The key performance indicators of 6G, the peak transmission speed is 100 gigabits per second to 1 terabits per second, the communication delays will be reduced to microseconds, and the density of serial devices and IoT connections will be denser, the indoor positioning accuracy is 10 cm, and the outdoor is 1 meter. The digital ecosystem will be reflected in energy efficiency, artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. It is possible to carry out earth imaging, telecommunications and navigation through an integrated satellite network, thereby realizing continuous global wireless connectivity. Companies can implement 6G to automate manufacturing processes and support applications that require high availability, predictable delays, or guaranteed service quality. In fact, cell phones will not only be used for communication, but will become personal assistants. The personal 6G digital assistant will become a ubiquitous hybrid network, which will incorporate all the contemporary technological advances in its scope. The 6G optical network will play a bigger role than the previous generation. In quantum communication, it is expected that 6G security will be better than today's contemporary technology. The following communications provide higher data rates, lower latency and even reliability, terabit pawns can carry large amounts of data. Terabit ethernet will soon be available 400 Gb ethernet per second. The high throughput satellites available HTS can deliver high data rate communications for high data rate communications in deserts, oceans and critically unconnected areas. In the access area, Wi-Fi communication can provide data rates of 100 gigabits per second or higher. The optical transmission system 6G has the ability to provide continuous global wireless connectivity via integration in satellite networks for earth imaging, telecommunications and navigation. Enterprises could implement 6G to automate manufacturing processes and support applications that require high availability, predictable latency or guaranteed quality of service. In the future, wireless data networks must achieve higher transmission rates and shorter delays, while providing more and more terminal devices. For this purpose, a network structure composed of many small base stations is required. To connect these will require high-performance transmission lines at high frequencies up to the terahertz range. In addition, if possible, a seamless connection with the fiberglass network must be ensured. Researchers used ultra-high-speed electro-optic modulators to convert terahertz data signals into optical signals.On the road to the sixth-generation cellular network, there are many challenges to individual components and their interactions that need to be overcome. The future wireless network will consist of many small base stations to transmit large amounts of data quickly and efficiently. These stations will be connected by transmission lines, and each transmission line can process tens or even hundreds of gigabytes of data per second. The required frequency is in the terahertz range, that is, between microwave and infrared radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition, the wireless transmission path must be seamlessly connected to the fiberglass network. In this way, the advantages of the two technologies, namely high capacity and reliability, as well as mobility and flexibility, will be combined.Scientists have developed a promising method to convert the data flow between terahertz and optical domain. The research uses ultra-high-speed electro-optic modulators to directly convert terahertz data signals into optical signals, and couples the receiving antenna directly with the glass fiber. In the experiment, the scientists chose a carrier frequency of about 0.29 THz, reaching a transmission rate of 50 Gbit/s. This modulator is based on plasmonic nanostructures and has a bandwidth of more than 0.36 THz.The research results reveal the huge potential of nanophotonic components in ultra-fast signal processing. The concept demonstrated by the researchers will greatly reduce the technical complexity of future wireless base stations and enable terahertz connections to have extremely high data rates-hundreds of gigabits per second are feasible. In the future, wireless communication networks will need to deal with data rates of tens or even hundreds of Gbit s-1 for each link, and require carrier frequencies in the unallocated THz spectrum.In this case, seamlessly integrating the THz link into the existing fiber optic infrastructure will complement the inherent portability and flexibility advantages of wireless networks. As well as a reliable and almost unlimited capacity optical transmission system, it is of great significance.At the technical level, this requires new equipment and signal processing concepts to directly convert the THz and optical domains between data streams. The new study demonstrates a THz link that uses direct THz-to-optical (T/O) conversion on the wireless receiver to seamlessly integrate into the fiber optic network. Research and development of an ultra-wideband silicon plasma modulator with a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 0.36 THz, which is used to transmit 50 Gbit s-1 data stream T/O on a 0.2885 THz carrier over a 16-meter wireless link Conversion. The light-to-thz (O/T) conversion of a wireless transmitter and on photo-electrification in a single-carrier photodiode.The base station is a wireless communication equipment used to receive and transmit cellular signals. Although base stations for 6G do not yet exist, which are small transmitters installed on street corners and utility poles, to transmit internet and mobile data to our cell phones and other wireless devices. Globally we will need 100 billion base stations in the future, China alone 30 billion; America expects 25 billion base stations. The sixth generation wireless communication networks will involve an advanced level of automation and connectivity in cars, drones, mobile devices, homes, industries and Internet of Everything. It will also incorporate technology like cloud servers, artificial intelligence and advanced quantum computing to make networks more sophisticated, harnessing record-fast internet speeds and instantaneous latency to coordinate complex systems like: supply chains networks, telemedicine, road traffic and stock markets.Satellite linkAt present, the population coverage rate of landline cellular communication services is about 80%, but due to factors such as economic and technological costs, it only covers about 20% of the land area and less than 6% of the land surface. Satellite internet can solve the broadband communication problems of ships, aircraft, and scientific research in remote areas such as oceans, forests, and deserts, and become a useful supplement to land-based cellular communications.According to their orbital altitude, satellites can be divided into low earth orbit (LEO) satellites with an altitude of 500 to 2000 km, medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites with an altitude of 2000 to 36000 km, and geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite with an altitude of about 36000 km. Compared with medium to high orbit satellites, low orbit satellites have shorter transmission delays and less path loss, so they receive wide attention.Judging from several dimensions such as demand, application, and technology, low orbit satellites complement each other. In the 6G era, mobile communication is moving towards the integration of sky and earth. Close and access the world seamlessly anywhere and anytime.Over the past 20 years, technological progress has been very real, which is manifested in three aspects: satellite technology, integrated circuit technology, and communication technology. In terms of advances in satellite technology, the core of Project Starlink is the use of recycled Falcon 9 rockets, and 60 stars with one arrow, which can send 12,000 satellites into orbit at low cost to serve oceans, forests, deserts and remote areas; advances in integrated circuit technology have increased the satellite processing capability on board, which can reduce delay time and realize inter-satellite network.At the same time, advances in integrated circuit technology can reduce terminal costs and volumes; in terms of communication technology, it is based on millimeter wave interplanetary links such as terahertz, and visible light communication is gradually maturing and can achieve large bandwidth direct network between satellites. Therefore, the changes in demand and the above-mentioned technological advances have made low-orbit satellite communications a hot spot in the industry in recent years.In addition, satellite orbits are also of limited resources. The tens of thousands of low-orbit satellites planned by the Starlink Project are distributed between 340-1300 kilometers, but their orbital positions are limited, and the satellites cannot be used without restrictions. Like frequency resources, orbital resources also require ITU approval and coordination.From the perspective of communication capabilities, the communications capabilities of satellites and earth base stations are roughly the same. In the future, the number of 5G base stations in the world will exceed 10 million, and the number of low-orbit satellites will be on the order of 10,000. The difference between the two is a thousand times. It is destined only as a complement to 5G in terms of satellite communication capacity, user scale, and industrial scale.Satellite communication is still far from the average user in cities. In the short term, terrestrial base stations, including 4G and 5G, will still be mainstream and will bear the bulk of broadband Internet traffic. Looking forward to the next generation of mobile communications, 6G will truly extend to air, space, sea and land coverage, and will also extend to high frequency bands, striving for more spectrum to achieve higher user access levels.6G technology will integrate terrestrial wireless cellular communications, high, medium and low orbit satellite cellular communications, and short-range direct communication technologies, as well as technologies such as communications and computing, navigation, perception, and intelligence, and achieve ubiquitous global coverage. through intelligent mobility management and control. High speed broadband communication.Through the development of air, space and ground integration, 6G will achieve a high level of integration in networks, terminals, frequencies and technologies, providing a wider space for communications markets and applications.High Altitude Platform SystemThe High Altitude Platform System (HAPS) is a radio station operating in the stratosphere designed to provide wireless connectivity or remote sensing in remote areas such as mountainous, coastal and desert areas.Unlike satellites, high-altitude systems are aircraft that fly or float in the stratosphere, usually at an altitude of about 20 kilometers. They may be free-floating balloons, airships, or fixed-wing aircraft that use solar or airborne energy. All systems are unmanned, operate in challenging environments where solar radiation is high, temperatures can be very low, and are designed for long-term aerial flights. For systems that intend to provide coverage to a fixed location on the ground, the platform must have power to keep it working in the air.The HAPS platform is closer to the earth than satellites, and can project a smaller beam from a directional antenna to the ground, and improve the transmission capacity per unit area (bits per second per square kilometer). However, the aircraft must consume enough energy to stay in the air while also providing enough remaining energy to drive its payload. Therefore, payload power consumption, quality, and available energy supply are all key factors in system design.Benefits and opportunitiesAny new technology can generate new business opportunities, as long as it can provide new or improved services and/or reduce costs. In this case, HAPS has the potential to provide services to unconnected mobile broadband users, fixed wireless users, and companies using Internet of Things (loT) devices.HAPS are universal, which enables them to support a variety of use cases. The platform can be adjusted according to the specific needs of capacity and coverage area, or it can send an aircraft to cover a certain location immediately after receiving the notification. HAPS technology can be expanded upward or downward to connect the entire country or continent, one region or only one region. The ability of modern antenna beams can estimate the direction of productivity in the expected target area. For example, HAPS capacity can be distributed to a wide area to provide comprehensive coverage, or it can be concentrated in a smaller area of interest.HAPS can support the existing network infrastructure, and in some cases may deploy connections faster and at a lower cost. They can provide LTE, 5G, 6G and new network evolution. In addition, for a given wireless network standard, user equipment has no special requirements: ordinary smartphones can be used instead of proprietary user equipment. The system can be upgraded by replacing the fuselage of the aircraft and installing new antennas. System update and maintenance services can be carried out centrally during the refueling suspension period, without the need for staff to travel to remote locations. Cloud ServerA cloud server is a pooled, centralized server resource that is hosted and delivered over a network—typically the Internet—and accessed on demand by multiple users. Cloud servers can perform all the same functions of a traditional physical server, delivering processing power, storage and applications. Cloud servers can be located anywhere in the world and deliver services remotely through a cloud computing environment. In contrast, traditional dedicated server hardware is typically set up on premises for exclusive use by one organization. The 5G era has quietly kicked off, but it will take several years before the popularization of 5G. There is no way, 5G construction not only requires mature technology, but also requires a lot of funding. After all, the construction of base stations requires huge overhead support. Therefore, 6G is still a very distant matter.In fact, it won't be long. Because of the existence of the 2G era, it was only since the beginning of this century and lasted for about ten years before 3G emerged. The mainstream years of 3G are even short-lived. As the mainstream, 3G has only existed for four or five years, and 4G will be born. 4G became the mainstream in 2010, and now, the 2020s have just kicked off, and the 5G era has also emerged. Therefore, according to this development efficiency, the 6G era should come before 2030. So, what does the 6G era look like? ....... and more.

Price: 19.95 USD

Location: Rancho Cucamonga, California

End Time: 2025-01-16T13:07:51.000Z

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